Kyudo, also known as “the way of the bow”, is a traditional Japanese martial art that focuses on archery. Considered one of Japan’s oldest and most refined disciplines, Kyudo is much more than a simple sport or competition. It is a profound spiritual practice aimed at cultivating harmony between body, mind and bow. In this article, we explore the essence of Kyudo, its history, fundamental principles and impact on Japanese culture.
History and origins of Kyudo :
Kyudo has its origins in the archery techniques used by Japanese samurai. Over time, archery became an increasingly refined discipline, incorporating philosophical and spiritual aspects. It was influenced by religious currents such as Zen Buddhism and Shintoism, which emphasized the search for inner harmony and self-mastery.
Kyudo principles and philosophy:
Kyudo is much more than a simple archery technique. It is based on profound philosophical principles. One of the central concepts is “hassetsu”, which refers to the eight stages of archery. These stages include posture, bow grip, mental preparation, aiming, arrow release and completion. Each of these steps is executed with meticulous attention and total concentration.
Another key principle of Kyudo is the concept of “mu-shin”, meaning “empty mind”. This involves freeing the mind of any attachment, distraction or doubt, to allow the fencer to connect deeply with the target and let the action unfold naturally.
Kyudo practice and learning:
Kyudo is a demanding practice that requires rigorous discipline and ongoing training. Archers spend many years perfecting their technique, posture and state of mind. Archery is seen as a means of getting to know oneself, developing concentration, patience and self-control.
The equipment used in Kyudo is also significant. The bow, called a “yumi”, is often made from several layers of bamboo and wood, using traditional techniques handed down from generation to generation. The arrows, called “ya”, are also designed with care and precision.
Kyudo in Japanese culture :
Kyudo occupies an important place in Japanese culture. It is often associated with values such as harmony, sincerity and respect. Kyudo competitions and demonstrations are held at traditional festivals and cultural celebrations. Furthermore, Kyudo is also featured in many films, literary works, and plays, giving it visibility in Japanese society and beyond.
Kyudo has also gained popularity outside of Japan. Many overseas practitioners are gifted by her spiritual depth and her commitment to the search for inner harmony. Kyudo dojos have been established in different countries, offering people from all over the world the opportunity to learn about this traditional Japanese martial art.
Hassetsu detail:
Hassetsu is a fundamental concept in the practice of Kyudo, the art of Japanese archery. It refers to the eight key steps that make up the archery process. Each of these steps is critically important to achieving a precise, smooth, and in-tune shot with the spirit.
- Ashibumi (foot posture): The archer assumes a strong, balanced stance, placing their feet at an appropriate width and direction, thus rooting their body to the ground.
- Dozukuri (body formation): The archer adopts an upright and balanced posture, maintaining proper alignment of the back, shoulders and pelvis. This step is essential to allow optimal stability and coordination of the movement.
- Yugamae (preparation): The archer prepares his bow by lifting it upwards, while keeping moderate tension on the string and fixing his gaze on the target. This creates preparatory tension and mental focus.
- Uchiokoshi (lifting the bow): The archer raises the bow with fluidity and precision, maintaining harmonious coordination between the arms and the body. This step is crucial to achieve a smooth release of the arrow.
- Hikiwake (string opening): The archer pulls the bow string backwards, following a precise and controlled trajectory, ensuring that string tension is maintained evenly.
- Kai (full expansion): At this point the archer reaches full expansion, where the bow is fully drawn and the muscles of the body are fully engaged. This maximum expansion helps generate concentrated energy for the shot.
- Hanare (release): The archer releases the string with a precise and delicate movement of the fingers, allowing the arrow to leave the bow smoothly and without interference. The release must be achieved without disturbing the stability of the body.
- Zanshin (completion): After the shot, the archer remains still and alert, maintaining a posture of completion. This represents a continuity of attention and awareness, even after releasing the arrow, and reflects the search for total harmony between the shooter, the bow and the target.
The hassetsu is a sequence that must be mastered with precision and fluidity. Each step is essential to develop a solid technique and to cultivate the concentration, self-control and inner harmony specific to Kyudo.
