The Seven Gods of Happiness, or Shichifukujin (七福神), bring good luck and prosperity. They are often found in netsuke prints and other artistic representations. Six of them are mythological figures and one is historical.
Origin and Significance
Originally, these gods were distant and impersonal. Gradually, they became protective figures associated with professions and the arts. Their worship is also based on the symbolism of the number seven, considered lucky in Japan.
The Seven Deities of Happiness
Ebisu – God of Prosperity and Fishing
Ebisu protects fishermen and traders. He holds a fish in one hand and a fishing rod in the other. He is celebrated every year at the New Year.
Daikokuten – God of Wealth
Daikokuten carries a money bag or a magic hammer. He symbolizes fortune and success. He is honored during New Year’s festivities.
Bishamonten – God of War and Protection
Bishamonten, dressed in armor, brandishes a spear and a sacred jewel. She ensures security, wealth, and prosperity. Her worship lasts throughout the year.
Benzaiten – Goddess of Art and Music
Benzaiten plays the biwa (stringed instrument) and is surrounded by a serpent. She embodies beauty, wisdom, and prosperity. She is worshipped in February during the Arts Festival.
Hotei – God of Joy and Generosity
Hotei, smiling and pot-bellied, carries a bag over his shoulder. He symbolizes happiness and optimism. He is celebrated during the cherry blossom season in April.
Fukurokuju – God of Longevity
Fukurokuju has a long white beard and carries a pilgrim’s staff. He represents wisdom and wealth. He is honored during New Year’s celebrations.
Jurojin – God of Luck and Longevity
Jurojin, wearing a wide-brimmed hat, embodies prosperity and wisdom. He is worshipped year-round.
A Cult Rooted in Culture
These deities symbolize happiness and fortune in Japanese culture. Their representations decorate temples, paintings, and sculptures. Although associated with Shintoism, they are also integrated into Japanese Buddhism.
Their cult extends beyond Japan and into China and Taiwan. Their symbols—fish, money bags, and pilgrim’s staffs—are often used as lucky charms in homes and businesses.
Discover our 7 Gods of Happiness, Shichifukujin!
